Summary: The Opinion welcomes Poland’s willingness to strengthen the prevention and fight against bias-motivated crimes and to explicitly protect additional personal characteristics, which is in line with the latest recommendations issued by various international and regional human rights monitoring bodies. At the same time, the wording of certain provisions of the Criminal Code submitted for review appears to be too vague to meet the requirements of legal certainty, foreseeability and specificity for criminal law, with some of them having the potential to unduly restrict freedom of expression.
