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[Excerpt]

Constitution of the Republic of Poland

Adopted by National Assembly on: 2 April 1997

Confirmed by Referendum in: Oct 1997

Article 45(1) Everyone shall have the right to a fair and public hearing of his case, without undue delay, before a competent, impartial and independent court.

(2) Exceptions to the public nature of hearings may be made for reasons of morality, State security, public order or protection of the private life of a party, or other important private interest. Judgments shall be announced publicly.